Marine Bioremediation Using Alcanivorax Borkumensis SK2 as A Waste Prevention Oil Industry on the Tunda Island to the Impact of Flood in Banten Region

Muhamad Aris Ilhami; Holifah Holifah

doi:10.53889/gmpics.v1.89

Marine Bioremediation Using Alcanivorax Borkumensis SK2 as A Waste Prevention Oil Industry on the Tunda Island to the Impact of Flood in Banten Region

Muhamad Aris Ilhami, Holifah Holifah

Abstract

Marine pollution in the water triggers many problems, one of them is in the area of Tunda Island, Banten, Indonesia. Waste pollution that occurs in the area occurs due to oil drilling activities conducted by Pertamina. As result, such drilling waste pollutes the environment of Tunda Island. The distance between residential areas and oil rigs is about 18 to 20 miles, which will take 2 hours to complete. As a result of the waste, many octopuses on Tunda Island were found drunk and dead. It will be more dangerous if the waste sticks to mangrove seedlings, in mangrove trunks and in seagrass beds, when exposed to sunlight it will melt because the gravel waste is pitch black and can burn. As the world's largest island nation, 60% of Indonesia's 265 million people depend on one-system waters. Toxic chemicals enter the oceans every day from industrial waste. This problem can lead to the risk of flood impacts for the environment affected by industrial waste pollution. Marine cleanliness plays an important role in realizing the prosperity of land and marine ecosystems. Efforts can be made with bioremediation that is recovery with the help of live bacteria such as Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 which is γ-proteobacterium of the sea that can be used to clean contaminated environments. This research aims to prevent industrial waste pollution and prevent the risk of flood impacts in Indonesia, especially in Tunda Island, Banten. Various literature explains that A. borkumensis SK2 is able to digest linear and branched alkanes commonly found in crude oil. Bacteria grow naturally in polluted areas, when added with inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, they can accelerate the cleaning process to 2 -5 years faster than natural processes for 5 - 10 years. Therefore, the application of the use of A. borkumensis SK2 has the potential to be applied in Indonesia to overcome the problem of marine pollution.

Keywords

Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2; Marine ecosystems; Bioremediation; pollution

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alcanivorax borkumensis. [online]. Available https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Alcanivorax_borkumensis

Aldosari, F., Kassem, H.S., Baig, M.B., Muddassir, M., dan Mubushar, M. 2017. Impact of Sewage on Health, Economic and Social Life of Rural People in Al-Hair - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Agriculture and Forestry Journal, 1(1): 10 - 17.

Bacteria, Environmentally Friendly Petroleum Waste Processors. (2015). [online]. available http://esdm.go.id/berita/56-artikel/3507-bakteri-pengolah-limbah2-minyak-bumi-yang-ramah-lingkungan.html

Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). 2018. Statistik Indonesia: Statistical yearbook of Indonesia 2018. URL: http://www.bps.go.id/. Diakses pada tanggal 10 Jun 2021.

Bookstaver, M., Godfrin, M.P., Bose, A., dan Tripathi, A. 2015. An insight into the growth of Alcanivorax borkumensis under different inoculation conditions. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 129: 153 - 158.

Catania,V., Santisi, S., Signa, G., Vizzini, S., Mazzola, A., Cappello, S., Yakimov, M.M., dan Quatrini, P. 2015. Intrinsic bioremediation potential of a chronically polluted marine coastal area. Journal Marine Pollution Bulletin, 99: 138 - 149.

Evitasari, Sukono, G.A.B., Hikmawan1, F.R., dan Satriawan, D. 2020. Karakter Organisme Biologis dalam Bioremediasi - Review. Jurnal Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan, 2(2): 33 - 39.

Fingas, M.F. 2011. Oil Spill Science and Technology: Prevention, Response, and Cleanup. Burlington. MA: Elsevier/Gulf Professional Publication.

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2013. FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture - The Republic of Indonesia. URL: http://www.fao.org/. Diakses pada tanggal 10 Jun 2021.

Golyshin, P.N., Santos, V., Kaiser, O., Ferrer, M., Sabirova, Y.S., Lunsdorf, H., Chernikova, T.N., Golyshina, O.V., Yakimov, M.M., Puhler, A., dan Timmis, K.N. 2003. Genome Sequence Completed of Alcanivorax borkumensis, a Hydrocarbon-Degrading Bacterium that Plays a Global Role in Oil Removal from Marine Systems. J Biotechnol, 106 (2-3): 215.

Hadrianto, P. 2018. Mikroorganisme Pendegradasi TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) sebagai Agen Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Minyak Bumi. Jurnal SainHealth, 2(2): 35 - 42.

Hassanshahian, M. 2015. Hydrophobicity effect on oil degradation by two marine bacterial strains Alcanivorax borkumensis and Thalassolituus oleivorans. Iranian Journal of Environmental Technology, 1(1): 9 - 18.

Hassanshahian, M., Emtiazi, G., Caruso, G., dan Capello, S. 2014. Bioremediation (bioaugmentation/biostimulation) trials of oil polluted seawater: A mesocosm simulation study. Marine Environmental Research, 95: 28 - 38.

Jenkins, M.E. dan Adams, M.A. 2011. Respiratory quotients and Q10 of soil respiration in sub-alpine Australia reflect influences of vegetation types. Soil Biol Biochem, 43:1266 - 1274.

Kadar, A. 2015. Pengelolaan kemaritiman menuju Indonesia sebagai poros maritim dunia. Jurnal Keamanan Nasional, 1(3): 427 - 442.

Kadri, T., Magdouli, S., Rouissi, T., dan Brar, S.K. 2018. Ex-situ biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons using Alcanivorax borkumensis enzymes. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 132:279 - 287.

Konieczna, M., Olzog, M., Naether, D. J., Chrzanowski, Ł., dan Heipieper, H. J. 2018. Membrane Fatty Acid Composition and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity of Marine Hydrocarbonoclastic Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 Grown on Diesel, Biodiesel and Rapeseed Oil as Carbon Sources. Molecules, 23(6): 1432.

Kuncowati. 2010. Pengaruh Pencemaran Minyak di Laut Terhadap Ekosistem Laut. Jurnal Aplikasi Pelayaran dan Kepelabuhanan, 1(1): 18 - 22.

Lenes, J., Walsh, J., dan Darrow, B. 2013. Simulating cell death in the termination of Karenia brevis blooms: Implications for predicting aerosol toxicity vectors to humans. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 493:71 - 81.

Lin, C. dan Tjeerdema. R.S. 2008. ‘Crude Oil, Oil, Gasoline and Petrol’. In: Jorgensen SE and Fath BD. (eds). Encyclopedia of Ecology, 1: 797 - 805.

Malison, J. 2017. Penerapan PP Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 tentang Perlindungan Lingkungan Laut dalam Rangka Kajian Pencemaran Laut dari Kapal. Jurnal Teknologi, 16(2): 2114 - 2121.

Mapelli, F., Scoma, A., Michoud, G., Aulenta, F., Boon, N., Borin, S., Kalogerakis, N., dan Daffonchio, D. 2017. Biotechnologies for Marine Oil Spill Cleanup: Indissoluble Ties with Microorganisms. Trend in Biotechnology, 35(9): 860 - 870.

Obi, E. O., Kamgba, F. A., dan Obi, D. A. 2014. Techniques of Oil Spill Response in the sea. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics, 6(1): 36 - 41.

Pratiwi, D.Y. 2020. Dampak Pencemaran Logam Berat (Timbal, Tembaga, Merkuri, Kadmium, Krom) terhadap Organisme Perairan dan Kesehatan Manusia. Jurnal Akuatek, 1(1): 59 - 65.

Rojo, F. 2009. Degradation of alkanes by bacteria. Environmental Microbiology, 11(10): 2477 - 2490.

Saadoun, I. 2015. Impact of Oil Spills on Marine Life. Journal Environmental Science, 10: 5772 - 60455.

Sabirova, J.S., Becker, A., Lunsdorf, H., Nicaud, J.M., Timmis, K.N., dan Golyshin, P.N. 2011. Transcriptional procling of the marine oil-degrading bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis during growth on n-alkanes. Federation of European Microbiological Societies, 319: 160 - 168.

Sudrajad, A., 2006. Tumpahan Minyak di Laut dan Beberapa Catatan Terhadap Kasus di Indonesia. Susunan Redaksi, 37.

Umroh. 2011. Bioremidiasi Pencemaran Minyak di Sedimen Pantai Balongan, Indramayu dengan Menggunakan Bakteri Alcanivorax sp. Te-9 Skala Laboratorium. Jurnal Sumberdaya Perairan, 5(2): 23 - 31.

Utami, R. R., Geerling, G. W., Salami, I., Notodarmojo, S., dan Ragas, A. 2020. Environmental prioritization of pesticide in the Upper Citarum River Basin, Indonesia, using predicted and measured concentrations. The Science of the total environment, 738: 140130.

Van Hamme, Jonathan., Singh, Ajay., Ward, Owen P. 2003. Recent Advances in Petroleum Microbiology. Journal Microbiology and Molecular Biology. 67 (4).

Xue, J., Yu, Y., Bai, Y., Wang, L., dan Wu, Y. 2015. Marine Oil-Degrading Microorganisms and Biodegradation Process of Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Marine Environments: A Review. Current microbiology, 71(2): 220–228.

Zhu, Xueing., Venosa, Albert. D., Suidan, Makram T., Lee, Kenneth. 2001. Guidelines for the Bioremediation of Marine Shorelines and Freshwater Wetlands. Cincinnati : United States Environmental Protection Agency.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.53889/gmpics.v1.89